Comparing Genomes & Determining Evolutionary Relationships Using Bioinformatics (NCBI Database)

In this activity, students will analyze the genomes and evolutionary relationships of a variety of species using bioinformatics (specifically the NCBI Database). By utilizing the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) database, students will have access to thousands of genomes. The amount of information available is absolutely astounding!!

I have developed a series of steps that will walk students through the process of accessing the spectacular tools of this rich database. This activity would pair nicely with or would even serve as a sufficient substitute for the BLAST lab (Investigation 3) published by the College Board in the AP Biology Lab Manual. In fact, this activity is a more "structured" inquiry-based activity that will promote a clearer understanding on the part of the students in terms of how to navigate a large database. This lab can also be conducted in one class period, unlike the BLAST lab.

Students will begin by utilizing a Phylogenetic Tree for Eukaryotes. Through this activity, students will understand the basics of phylogeny and will discover the inter-relatedness of eukaryotes.

Students will then learn how to analyze the genomes of the eukaryotes shown in the phylogenetic tree. They will be able to visualize the chromosomes of hundreds of species (including humans) and will be able to access gene names and functions.

In addition, students will be able to access the anatomy of various organisms (including humans). By hovering over the body, various parts will light up so that students can determine specific gene expression and its effects on various parts of the body.

In order to successfully complete this activity, students should be familiar with the following terms:
Eukaryotes, Mitochondria, Bacteria, Viruses, Gene Expression, Gene, rRNA, tRNA, Species Name, Common Name

**A key is included in this packet which also includes additional extension activity ideas!!

**Necessary Resources: It would be optimal if students had access to their own computer/laptop for this activity. However, the activity would still work if students are placed into pairs. Internet access is also required.

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